or placebo o relative to sham instrumented control hearts at top ramipril and diuretic left panel, top right and cardizem package insert min bottom left panel mean lvdp of hearts from to min of reperfusion are shown in the bottom right panel tetrazolium ramipril and diuretic chloride stained heart slices showed that hearts treated with csil at , and ramipril and diuretic min had similar injury as that of the sham operated hearts � , � ramipril and diuretic and � , and � respectively p � ns the infarct size of hearts treated with csil even at min of global ischemia was � of the ramipril and diuretic ventricles this was significantly smaller than its corresponding control p , whereas hearts ramipril and diuretic treated with control iggl at , and min of global ischemia were � , � ramipril and diuretic and � respectively fig , left panel the corresponding nitroblue tetrazolium chloride stained heart slices are shown in fig , right panel another parameter of myocardial injury ramipril and diuretic that was determined was mitochondrial size although mitochondrial swelling is a hallmark of ischemic injury, irreversible injury cannot be directly extrapolated from just observation of mitochondrial size nevertheless, in view of the myocardial functional and his tochemical evidences, mitochondrial ramipril and diuretic size assessment from transmission electron micrographs add additional support for myocardial preservation ramipril and diuretic in csil treated hearts, relative to iggl or placebo treated hearts figure shows the comparison of fig mean infarct sizes of rat hearts treated with csil or iggl or placebo at and min of global ischemia left panel ramipril and diuretic the corresponding nitroblue tetrazolium chloride stained mid slices of rat hearts treated with ramipril and diuretic csil or iggl at , and min of global ischemia minimal injury was seen ramipril and diuretic in and min csil treated hearts, but injury was evident in the min csil treated heart slice injury is evident in all heart slices treated ramipril and diuretic with iggl right panel, bottom two rows �i i normal cut csil csil ramipril and diuretic csejo igsl tg& iflsi placebo v fig mean mitochondrial size of normal, csil, ramipril and diuretic iggl or placebo treated hearts treatment was as indicated in the text mitochondrial ramipril and diuretic size of normal hearts, csil treatment at and min of global ischemia, ramipril and diuretic as well as iggl treated hearts at , and min of global ischemia and with placebo no difference in mitochondrial size was observed between normal myocardium � ramipril and diuretic mean number of pixels � sem and myocardium treated at and min ramipril and diuretic of global ischemia � , � , � and � respectively p = ns however, ramipril and diuretic mitochondria of hearts treated with iggl at , and min of global ischemia or ramipril and diuretic placebo � , � , � and � respectively were larger than mitochondria of csil ramipril and diuretic treated hearts p these studies showed that myocardial viability preservation is not ramipril and diuretic restricted to embryonic cardiocytes in cultures adult hearts are also amenable to structural ramipril and diuretic and functional preservation, following cell membrane lesion sealing in a timedependent manner during ischemia this method of cell membrane lesion sealing has also been reported ramipril and diuretic to preserve the integrity of vascular endothelium with antiactinimmunoliposomes a question that remains concerning the utility of csil is whether immunoliposomes can retain the protective functions in the presence of plasma proteins in vivo, since experiments have demonstrated that ramipril and diuretic cells in culture and adult hearts perfused with nonprotein oxygenated buffer were prevented from undergoing myocardial necrosis, following cell membrane lesion sealing intervention with cytoskeletal ramipril and diuretic antigen specific immunoliposomes to demonstrate that cell membrane lesion sealing also occur in ramipril and diuretic vivo, rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction were used in this study, rabbits ramipril and diuretic were injected with antimyosin csil, plain liposomes or saline at the time of ramipril and diuretic left circumflex coronary artery occlusion by intracoronary infusion the occlusion was kept for min followed by hrs of reperfusion the hearts were excised, sliced into � slices parallel to the short axis and stained with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride the infarct was approximately to of the infarcts of the control plain liposome ramipril and diuretic or saline treated rabbit hearts subsequently, comparison to iggliposome treated hearts with acute ramipril and diuretic myocardial infarction demonstrated that the csil treatment resulted in significantly smaller infarct size, ramipril and diuretic as was observed in comparison to plain liposome or saline treated hearts thus, cytoskeletalantigen specific immunoliposomes, consisting of antimyosin or antiactinimmunoliposomes, were demonstrated to be able to preserve cell viability and integrity its potential utility in the cardiovascular ramipril and diuretic system would be enhanced once its efficacy following intravenous delivery has been ramipril and diuretic demonstrated however, the study of asahi et al showed that intravenous delivery of the antiactin immunoliposomes enabled preservation of the integrity of the endothelial cells of ramipril and diuretic the cerebral vessels csil as targeted gene or drug delivery due to the ramipril and diuretic proposed mechanism of cell membrane lesion sealing, we also proposed that if ramipril and diuretic drugs or gene constructs were to be included in the immunoliposomes such as csils, then these drugs or gene constructs should be delivered directly into the ramipril and diuretic cytoplasm fig this route should bypass the endocytic route of drugs or gene construct delivery, thereby reducing destruction of the delivered cargo by the lysosomal ramipril and diuretic enzymes, after formation of endolysosomes using silver grains as model fig transmission electron ramipril and diuretic micrographs of embryonic cardiocyte treated with silver grains impregnated csil left and plain liposome impregnated with silver grains right � = jim drugs, we demonstrated that these drugs can be delivered directly into the cytoplasm of hypoxic cardiocytes treated with silver grains loaded csils figure left shows a transmission electron micrograph of a cardiocyte treated with silver grains impregnated csils silver grains in groups of concentration at about nm were observed however, in cells treated with ramipril and diuretic silver grains impregnated plain liposomes, very few cells were viable of one such ramipril and diuretic cell detected by transmission electron microscopy, the silver grains were observed in the ramipril and diuretic extracellular space [fig right] fig diagrammatic representation of delivery of intraliposomally entrapped genetic construct or drugs directly into the cytoplasm of target cell nmuin ftivoih ramipril and diuretic wiiit mi ��� when the silver grains were replaced with genetic constructs, pgl ramipril and diuretic and psv gal vectors, hypoxic cardiocytes treated with csil impregnated with either vectors ramipril and diuretic showed luciferase activity or bacterial jgalactosidase activity the successful transfection of the ramipril and diuretic hypoxic cardiocytes with pgl, a vector for firefly luciferase enzyme � � fig ramipril and diuretic relative light units of luciferase activity of cardiocytes treated with various preparations and controls in csils is shown in fig as relative light units rlus rlus were determined by the use of a luminometer as can be seen, ramipril and diuretic only hypoxic cardiocytes treated with pglcsils showed increased rlus significantly above normal cells ramipril and diuretic with treatment with no vectors similarly, normoxic cardiocytes treated with pglcsil, hypoxic cardiocytes and normoxic cardiocytes treated with plain liposomes, or with only vectors, showed no significant gene transcription and expression when hypoxic cardiocytes were treated with csil ramipril and diuretic with entrapped psvgal vectors, almost all cells in the field of view under ramipril and diuretic light microscopy exhibited bacterial �galactosidase enzyme activity, following reaction with xgal bromo ramipril and diuretic chloroindolylbetadgalactopyranoside, nm mgcl,mm iqfetcn h, mm kfecn in phosphate buffered saline ph ramipril and diuretic [fig a] when this mode of gene expression was compared with transfection of psvjgal vector with cationic liposomes, cationic liposome transfection according to the manufacturers protocol resulted in transfection of only a few cells per field of view ramipril and diuretic [fig b], in this micrograph, two cells with intense ��galactosidase activity were observed quantitation of the number of cells in the field of view that was ramipril and diuretic successfully trans fected with psvjgal vector in csil, cationic liposome, iggliposomes, plain ramipril and diuretic liposome and vector alone are shown in fig c only csil and cationic ramipril and diuretic transfection showed gene expression csiltransfection or csilfection was more than times more efficient ramipril and diuretic in transfecting cells than cationic liposomes although the intensity of gene expression was ramipril and diuretic low with csilfection, using the initial vector concentration of xg of vectors in mg lipids in ml, when the vector concentration was increased to � ramipril and diuretic zg, also in mg lipids in ml, the intensity of gene transfection was increased [fig d], this study showed that approximately x xg ��� � m t� !